Karl Theophil Fries (1875-1962). Born at Kiedrich near Wiesbaden on the Rhine, and was educated at Darmstadt Polytechnic and Marburg, where he took his doctorate under Theodor Zincke (1843-1928). After working for the chemical firm of Hoechst, he returned to Marburg in 1906 and became a professor. In 1918, he became Professor of Chemistry at Brunswick Polytechnic. When he retired in 1938, Fries returned to teaching at Marburg. He was very interested in polycyclic compounds, and fused ring heterocyclic compounds. His name is associated with the Fries rearrangement of phenolic esters (1908).