1945 - Arturri Virtanen (Finland) for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry,

            especially for his fodder preservation method.

1946 - The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: James Sumner (USA) for his discovery that enzymes 

            can be crystallized, the other half jointly to John Northrop and Wendell Stanley (USA)  for their

            preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form.

1947 - Robert Robinson (Great Britain) for his investigations on plant products of biological importance,

            especially the alkaloids.

1948 - Arne Tiselius (Sweden) for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his

            discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins.

1949 - William Giaque (USA) for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly

            concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures.

1950 - The prize was awarded jointly to: Otto Diels and Kurt Adler (Germany) for their discovery and

            development of the diene synthesis.

1951 - The prize was awarded jointly to: Edwin Mc Millan and Glenn Seaborg (USA) for their discoveries in

            the chemistry of the transuranium elements.

1952 - The prize was awarded jointly to: Archer Martin and Richard Synge (Great Britain) for their invention

            of partition chromatography.

1953 - Herman Staudinger (Germany) for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry.

1954 - Linus Pauling (USA) for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the

            elucidation of the structure of complex substances.

1955 - Vincent du Vigneaut (USA) for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for

            the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone.

1956 - The prize was awarded jointly to: Cyril Hinshelwood (Great Britain) and Nikolaj Semenov (Soviet

            Union) for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions.

1957 - Alexander Todd (Great Britain) for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes.

1958 - Frederick Sanger (Great Britain) for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin.

1959 - Jaroslav Heyrovský (Czech Republic) for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of

             analysis.

1960 - Willard Libby (USA) for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology,

            geophysics, and other branches of science.

1961 - Melvin Calvin (USA) for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants.

1962 - The prize was divided equally between: John Kendrew and Max Perutz (Great Britain) for their studies

            of the structures of globular proteins.

1963 - The prize was divided equally between: Karl Ziegler (Germany) and Giulio Natta (Italy) for their

            discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers.

1964 - Dorothy Hodgkin (Great Britain) for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of

            important biochemical substances.

1965 - Robert Woodward (USA) for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis.

1966 - Robert Mulliken (USA) for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure

            of molecules by the molecular orbital method.

1967 - The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: Manfred Eigen (Germany) and the other half jointly to:

            Ronald Norrish and George Porter (Great Britain) for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions

            effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy.

1968 - Lars Onsager (USA) for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are

           fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.

1969 - The prize was divided equally between: Derek Barton (Great Britain) and Odd Hassel (Norway) for their

             contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry.

1970 - Luis Leloir (France - Argentina) for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of

            carbohydrates.

1971 - Gerhard Herzberg (Canada) for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic stucture and geometry of

            molecules, particularly free radicals.

1972 - The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: Christian Anfinsen (USA) for his work on

            ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically

            active confirmation and the other half jointly to: Stanford Moore and William Stein (USA)  for their

            contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of

            the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule.

1973 - The prize was divided equally between: Ernst Fischer (Germany) and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Great

            Britain) for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so

            called sandwich compounds.

1974 - Paul Flory (USA) for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical

            chemistry of the macromolecules.

1975 - The prize was divided equally between: John Conforth (Australia - Great Britain) for his work on the 

            stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and Vladimír Prelog (Czech Republic - Switzerland) for 

            his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions.

1976 - William Lipcsomb Jr. (USA) for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of

            chemical bonding.

1977 - Ilya Prigogine (Belgie) for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory

            of dissipative structures.

1978 - Peter Mittchel (Great Britain) for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer

            through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory.

1979 - The prize was divided equally between: Herbert Brown (USA) and Georg Wittig (Germany) for their 

            development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important

             reagents in organic synthesis.

1980 - The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: Paul Breg (USA) for his fundamental studies of the

            biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA and the other half jointly to:

            Walter Gilbert (USA) and Frederick Sanger (Great Britain) for their contributions concerning the

            determination of base sequences in nucleic acids.

1981 - The prize was awarded jointly to: Kenichi Fukui (Japan) and Roald Hoffman (USA) for their theories,

            developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions.

…PREVIOUS        NEXT...

In Chemistry

Winners of